English PSSSB Practice 103

Diseases are conditions that disturb the normal functioning of the human body or mind and negatively affect health, productivity, and quality of life. They can be caused by a wide range of factors, including infections, poor nutrition, genetic disorders, unhealthy lifestyles, environmental pollution, and lack of medical care. Diseases are broadly classified into communicable and non-communicable diseases. Communicable diseases spread from one person to another through air, water, food, physical contact, or disease-carrying organisms such as mosquitoes and flies. Examples include influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, dengue, and COVID-19. Poor sanitation, unsafe drinking water, overcrowding, and weak healthcare systems increase the spread of infectious diseases, especially in developing countries. Non-communicable diseases, on the other hand, do not spread through contact and are often long-lasting. These include heart disease, diabetes, cancer, asthma, and mental health disorders. Such diseases are mainly linked to unhealthy habits like smoking, alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, stress, and unhealthy diets. In recent years, lifestyle diseases have increased rapidly due to urbanization, sedentary work patterns, and excessive consumption of processed foods. Diseases not only affect individuals physically but also create emotional, social, and economic burdens on families and societies. Medical expenses, loss of productivity, and long-term treatment place pressure on healthcare systems and national economies. Prevention is the most effective way to control diseases. Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, personal hygiene, vaccination, clean surroundings, and early medical checkups can significantly reduce the risk of many diseases. Public health awareness, access to quality healthcare, and strong disease surveillance systems are essential for controlling outbreaks and improving overall health. Governments and international organizations play an important role in disease prevention through health policies, research, and medical infrastructure development. A healthy population is the foundation of a strong nation, and controlling diseases is essential for social well-being, economic growth, and sustainable development.